The flexor tendons of the fingers run along the palm and digits through a system of tendon pulleys that keep them close to the bone. When chronic inflammation develops, the tendon or pulley thickens (stenosing tenosynovitis), impairing the tendon’s ability to glide smoothly.

Because of this impaired gliding, pain and a characteristic catching sensation appear when the finger bends.

As the condition progresses, the finger may become locked in a flexed position, as the tendon can no longer pass through the narrowed pulley.

The exact cause is often unknown, but trigger finger is more common in patients with diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or gout.

Initial treatment includes injecting local anesthetic and corticosteroids into the tendon sheath. If symptoms persist or return, surgical treatment is recommended.

During surgery, the constricted pulley is released to restore smooth tendon movement. The procedure is done under local anesthesia and takes about 10 minutes.

Recovery lasts only a few days; sutures are removed after 7 to 10 days. No special adjustments to daily activities are required.